Dynamic Assessment And Intervention Of A Childs Performance

Dynamic Assessment and Intervention According to Gillam, Peà ±a, and Miller (1999) assessment of discourse is a challenging but important aspect of assessing language, highlighting that cultural and experiential differences may be a factor in a child’s performance. Simply, some children may not have been exposed to these types of narratives or been expected to generate them in their home environment. The authors suggest that good language learners usually learn the new forms or overcome the differences with extra classroom support; however, some children with poor discourse abilities may have more significant problems with learning language (Gilliam et al., 1999). Thus, part of the challenge in assessing discourse is distinguishing a†¦show more content†¦Thus, Dynamic Assessment has been recommended by Gillam et al., (1999) as a method to assess narratives. The general procedure for Dynamic Assessment is to establish a baseline using a formal or informal method, enga ge in a teaching phase, and then re-assess performance (test-teach-retest). Specifically for expository discourse Gillam et al. (1999) recommended an informal assessment using the Test of Problem Solving (TOPS) (Zachman, Barrett, Huisingh, Jorgensen, 1992), which was most recently revised in 2005 (Huisingh, Bowers, LoGiudice, 2005). TOPS is a standardized test for ages 6-12 in which a child views a picture depicting a problem and is then asked questions to evaluate the problem and generate/explain various solutions. It is designed to assess making inferences, sequencing, negative questions (why something would not occur), problem solving, predicting, and determining causes (Linguisystems, 2005). However, for the testing phases, rather than administering and scoring TOPS formally, Gillam et al., (1999) recommend a qualitative 6-point scale (0-5) rating the completeness, amount of information informative, and accuracy of a response, using even-numbered items for pre-testing, and th e odd numbered items for post-testing. For the

Octavian, Anthony and Cleopatra Propaganda and the ÂMyth...

Workshop 1 Octavian, Anthony and Cleopatra: Propaganda and the ‘Myth of Actium The creation and subsequent sustaining of the ‘Myth of Actium is one of the greatest examples of the use of mass propaganda in the ancient world. While scholars such as Murray question the impact that the re-instigation of games at Nikopolis and the extension of the temple of Apollo at Actium would have on the political situation in Rome, its emergence, however, seems to have occurred around 20 BC, a time at which Octavian Augustus has officially restored the Republic (27 BC) and resigned his position as consul, instead holding office as Tribune of the Plebs. The Augustan version of the battle of Actium is one that is displayed by the three passages.†¦show more content†¦Plutarchs account shows Antony represented as an Eastern King, having deserted his country of birth. This then shifts to a tragic hero, misled by Cleopatra. The image of Octavian is the one that receives the greatest transformation. While Murrays acceptance of the view that Syme and Zanker exaggerate the role that Actium plays in the political ideology and symbolic imagery of the Augustan Principate , this fails to take into account the myths birth later in the reign. While it is true that Actium played little part in cementing Octavians position other than as a military victory, its political ramifications are represented by the notion of a fourth foundation of Rome, as alluded to by Virgil. By his own admission, Octavian was not a great general, but literature fails to portray this. The most significant alteration to fact is seen on the Shield of Aeneas . Octavian is shown commanding his army, the Senate and People with him, defending the Republic and all that it stands for. This comes at a time when he controls Rome in all but name. The inscription from part of the victory monument at Nikopolis is a clear indication of the memory which Octavian wanted to remain. The monument, both a symbol Octavians victory and power and also a monument of political and religious propaganda was erected soon after the battle. Just as on the Shield of Aeneas, it suggests that Octavian was

Regulated Rivers and Storm Sewer Systems †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Regulated Rivers and Storm Sewer Systems. Answer: Introduction: There has been a large rate of urbanization in the metropolitan areas especially in the vicinity of the river basins. The rapid rate has caused resource planners and hydrologists to come up with better models of analysis of the urban hydrology. The kinematic wave model is used for the channel and the overland flow routing in the precipitation-runoff modelling system in the Distributed Routing Rainfall Runoff Model. The development of the theory and application of kinematic wave is complex but it is not readily available in a given text. It is an approximation of the dynamic wave model as there are developments of the models and the difficulty involved in applying the solution techniques, the theory is described as a dynamic wave theory applied to water routing problems. The open channel flow stand-out as the most experienced kind of flow in the catchment modelling processes over the recent years. When there is no acceleration experienced in the flow of the water or runoff, the system is considered to be in steady flow. When there is a change in the velocity, the flow is not considered steady any more. It is important to consider the impact of the unsteady flows; therefore, it is added as variable when performing the analysis of a catchment area. Another type of flow is the uniform flow which follows where the slope of the water surface does not change with flow. A large water surface slope change is used to demonstrate the rapidly varied flow. A general description of the runoff is given by the shallow water equations which are valid for surface flow, gutter flow and the flow in the sewer systems. The shallow water equations are two partial differential equation that are resultant of the mass and momentum conservation laws. The shallow water equatio ns are derived as demonstrated in the illustration below, The process of the open flow for an unsteady flow is expressed in mathematical terms as is described by the St. Venant equations as, The kinematic approach is analyzed as a product of the stage or depth versus the discharge relationship. It uses the momentum equations to perform the analysis such that the wave occurs when the process terms are deemed negligible. Such denotation allows a designer or the hydrologist to assume that the bed slope is very close to the friction slope. Every catchment area needs to acknowledge the backwater effect and the same is included in the analysis. On the other hand, the discharge is described as a function of depth of flow only. The run off process occurs in the surfaces, gutters, and sewers as described by one continuity and momentum equation for the shallow water equations. (Lyngfelt Arnell, n.d.). To advance run-off hydrographs by analyzing the relationship between the kinematic approach and the pond model approach. To deliberate the differences and reasons for the differences between the kinematic approach and the pond model At the outlet of the catchment area, the flow is considered uniform, unidirectional and one that flows instantaneously from the outlet to the next point in the analysis. Catchment area 2.25ha (150m x 150m) Slope 2.25% Roughness 0.150 Rainfall event 90mm/h for 60 mins Losses Initial losses of 4.5 mm and continuing losses of 3mm/h The kinematic data set as well as the pond approach model dataset are as described in the attached spreadsheet. The above values were used to provide the base ground information of the site being modelled. The design of a wet pond is modelled using several parameters. the primary parameter is the area ration which is designed not to be less than 100 for maximum efficiency. It is given as, The two approaches are used in the hydrological analysis of water flow on the ground surfaces. This refers to the water that flows in stream canals or the overland flow that flows on the land surface. As indicated in the introduction section, the St. Venant equations are used for the two-dimensional analysis. It is crucial to note that the kinematic wave approach models use the highlighted set of equations while considering the impacts of gravity and resistance on flow. The analysis provides a platform for the analysis of the 1-1 relationship between the depth or the stage and the discharge. This is done using the equation below, Unfortunately, the kinematic approaches do not manage to denote the flow at the low land regions or the very high points of the catchment area as a result of intense precipitation on the hillslope. The kinematic approach model assumes that the friction slope may be approached by the land surface slope making other effective components of the friction slope negligible. The pond model seeks to cater for the caveat or shortcomings of the kinematic approaches. The pond approach seeks to review the surface runoff that enter the drainage system through gulley and manholes. The sewer flows surcharge from the manhole and the surface overland flow in one or two dimensions. Once the sinks are full water is passed on to the catchment within which that sink and its corresponding sink lies in. Water tends to appear as output in the same water that is identified from the hydrograph. In the reality substantial portion of the water appearing as the old water. The water that has entered the watershed from a previous event. The unit hydrograph theory is as demonstrated below, One is able to determine the inflection point of the flow on the catchment area when a hydrograph is plotted. The plot uses the semi-logs or log scales as the data being addressed is very large. The designer notes the time when the recession side follows the trendline. (Li, et al., n.d.). One may wish to know why they would implement the kinematic approach over any other approach in the catchment modelling. It provides an alternative routing for the flow of water over the land surface. Some sections of the land are more pervious than other hence the water flowing may slip into the land causing a loss. Some of the portions of the catchment area may not allow the smooth flow as they act as obstacles. It allows non-linear response devoid of complex solution procedures or very complicated analytics. The parameters in a model are actively adjusted to account for the complexity of the catchment area. Some of the parameters considered in this are the channel shape, the boundary roughness, the catchment area length and width, the channel or area slope as well as the nature of the flow surface. The kinematic wave approach is acknowledged as the limiting case of an infinite number of non-linear reservoirs. The slope differs in terms of the flow rate at a given point in time depending on the section of the catchment area being analyzed. It can be observed that the after the 23rd minute of the hydrological analysis, the slope has a negative gradient as compared to the previous time. This demonstrates a catchment area that has an uphill section. The water flows downwards until it reaches a point where it stalls as it tries to manage the upward movement. The kinematic approach studies the motion of the fluid flow. The fluid flow tends to move at the same speed at a given point in time. Conclusion In a nutshell, the kinematic approach model assumes that the friction slope may be approached by the land surface slope making other effective components of the friction slope negligible. The run-off process occurs in the surfaces, gutters, and sewers is described by one continuity and momentum equation for the shallow water equations. The kinematic wave approximation is defined by a set of differential equations and boundary conditions. The development of the theory and application of kinematic wave is complex but it is not readily available in a given text. It is an approximation of the dynamic wave model as there are developments of the models and the difficulty involved in applying the solution techniques. It describes a characteristic type of wave motion that can occur in the many simplistic flow problems. References Li, R-M, S., Stevens, D. B. M, A., n.d. Non-linear Kinematic Wave Approximation for Water Routing. Water Resources Research, 11(2). Lyngfelt, S. Arnell, V., n.d. A mathematical runoff model for simulation of storm water runoff in urban areas. Chalmers university of Technology, Urban Geohydrology Research Group, Volume 12. Sjoberg, A., n.d. Calculation of Unsteady Flows in Regulated Rivers and Storm Sewer Systems. Department of Hydraulics, Chalmers University of Technology, Volume 87.

Macbeth the Climax in Act Essay Example

Macbeth the Climax in Act Paper Therefore the challenge of holding onto the interest of the audience is presented. However, while this may be a challenge for a lesser playwright, for a master like Shakespeare the challenge of maintaining the mood and theme is much less. The theme of the play Is the downfall of Macbeth and the mood is dark and gloomy. Everything that happens, In this act especially, must maintain these ideas. In scene l, lines 92-101, the theme of the lay Is held up by the idea of things and people not being what they seem to be. In these lines Macbeth is talking to the murderers that he has hired to kill Banquet and Balance. He Is trying to find out what kind of men they really are and If they are capable of committing this deed. These lines support the theme of the play because Macbeth Is no longer able to trust people. Because he himself Is treacherous, he no longer Is able to trust others. In scene 2, dark Images are extremely Important In maintaining the mood of the play. One of the places that this can be seen Is lines 36-37. 0, full of scorpions Is my mind, dear well/ Thou knows that Banquet, and his Balance, lives. These lines show that Machetes mind is being tormented by the fact that those two men are a threat to him. Also, by using the word scorpions the dark and evil mood of the play are upheld. A second place in this scene where this happens is lines 53-55. Good things of day begin to droop and drowse, Whiles nights black agents to their preys do rouse. / Though marvelous at my words : but old t hee still. In the preceding lines the image of light fading away and dark taking over is used to uphold both the theme and mood. The light destroying the dark symbolizes the bad destroying the good inside of Macbeth as well in the rest of the country. By using words like nights black agents and droop and drowse Shakespeare further continues the dark images. The poet continues these images through scene IV. In lines 29-31, There the grown serpent lies; the worm thats fled/ Hath nature that in time will venom breed We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth the Climax in Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth the Climax in Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth the Climax in Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The grown serpent that Macbeth refers to is Banquet and the worm thats fled is Balance. Macbeth is desperate to eliminate all of his challenges and is enraged that things did not go the way that he planned. This desperation adds to the ruin of Macbeth. The unnatural ruin of the main character is once again seen in lines 110-112, particularly when Macbeth says, And keep the natural ruby of you cheeks. When mine is blanched with fear. (lens 115-1 16) That statement presents the fact that fear now has a strong hold over his mind and sanity. There are also more references to dark consuming light. And overcome us like a summers cloud. (line 110) Essay II In order for this play to meet the characteristics of a tragedy Macbeth must be somehow viewed as a moral character otherwise his fate Is not tragic. At many points In the play his moral side almost seems non-existent, but In Act Ill, scene II, there Is a section where Machetes morality slips out once again. This section occurs In lines 15-26. These lines show that Macbeth does In fact feel sorrow and guilt for what he has done. Because of this he Isnt completely evil and does have potential for good. These lines tell the audience that his mind Is constantly plagued with remorse for what he has done. In the affliction of these terrible dreams/ That shake us malignly: netter De Walt e EAI J whom we, to gain our peace, nave sent to peace. He is afflicted with nightmares for what he has done and therefore feels guilt. If he were truly an immoral than he would not have these feelings. This affliction of Machetes shows his good side and keeps the elements of tragedy alive in the play.